254.EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACATION PLACES IN INDIA USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC FREQ | PROC UNIVARIATE | PROC TRANSPOSE | PROC SGPLOT | PROC SQL | MACROS IN SAS

EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VACATION PLACES IN INDIA USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC FREQ | PROC UNIVARIATE | PROC TRANSPOSE | PROC SGPLOT | PROC SQL | MACROS IN SAS

/*A real-world dataset of different types of vacation places across India*/

1. DATASET CREATION – VACATION_PLACES_INDIA

options nocenter;

data vacation_places_india;

    length Place_ID 8 Name $30 State $20 Region $15 

           Type $20 Ideal_Season $15 Popular_Activity $30 

           Avg_Cost_Per_Person 8 Rating 8;

    input Place_ID Name $ State $ Region $ Type $ 

          Ideal_Season $ Popular_Activity $ Avg_Cost_Per_Person Rating;

    datalines;

1 Manali Himachal_Pradesh North HillStation Summer Skiing 15000 4.7

2 Goa Goa West Beach Winter Party 18000 4.8

3 Jaipur Rajasthan West Heritage Winter Fort_Visit 14000 4.5

4 Darjeeling West_Bengal East HillStation Summer Toy_Train 12000 4.4

5 Ooty Tamil_Nadu South HillStation Summer Botanical_Garden 13000 4.6

6 Munnar Kerala South HillStation Monsoon Tea_Estate_Tour 14000 4.5

7 Udaipur Rajasthan West Heritage Winter Lake_Tour 16000 4.3

8 Rishikesh Uttarakhand North Spiritual Winter River_Rafting 9000 4.6

9 Andaman Islands UT Beach Winter Snorkeling 25000 4.8

10 Varanasi Uttar_Pradesh North Spiritual Winter Ganga_Aarti 11000 4.5

11 Leh Ladakh North Adventure Summer Biking 20000 4.9

12 Mysore Karnataka South Heritage Winter Palace_Visit 10000 4.2

13 Kochi Kerala South Backwater Monsoon Houseboat 17000 4.4

14 Shillong Meghalaya East HillStation Summer Waterfalls 15000 4.3

15 Hampi Karnataka South Heritage Winter Ruins_Tour 14000 4.1

16 Agra Uttar_Pradesh North Heritage Winter Taj_Mahal 12000 4.7

17 Kanyakumari Tamil_Nadu South Coastal Winter Sunrise_View 13000 4.2

18 Gulmarg Jammu_and_Kashmir North HillStation Winter Skiing 18000 4.8

19 Puri Odisha East Beach Winter Temple_Visit 10000 4.3

20 Mahabalipuram Tamil_Nadu South Heritage Winter Temple_Sculptures 11000 4.1

21 Auli Uttarakhand North Adventure Winter Skiing 16000 4.6

22 Rameswaram Tamil_Nadu South Spiritual Winter Temple_Tour 10000 4.4

23 Khajuraho Madhya_Pradesh Central Heritage Winter Erotic_Sculptures 14000 4.0

24 Sikkim Sikkim East HillStation Summer Trekking 17000 4.5

25 Mount_Abu Rajasthan West HillStation Summer Lake_Boating 12000 4.2

26 Lonavala Maharashtra West HillStation Monsoon Nature_Walk 9000 4.1

27 Coorg Karnataka South HillStation Monsoon Coffee_Plantation 13000 4.3

;

run;

proc print;run;

Output:

Obs	Place_ID	Name	State	Region	Type	Ideal_Season	Popular_Activity	Avg_Cost_Per_Person	Rating
1	1	Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	North	HillStation	Summer	Skiing	15000	4.7
2	2	Goa	Goa	West	Beach	Winter	Party	18000	4.8
3	3	Jaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Fort_Visit	14000	4.5
4	4	Darjeeling	West_Bengal	East	HillStation	Summer	Toy_Train	12000	4.4
5	5	Ooty	Tamil_Nadu	South	HillStation	Summer	Botanical_Garden	13000	4.6
6	6	Munnar	Kerala	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Tea_Estate_Tour	14000	4.5
7	7	Udaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Lake_Tour	16000	4.3
8	8	Rishikesh	Uttarakhand	North	Spiritual	Winter	River_Rafting	9000	4.6
9	9	Andaman	Islands	UT	Beach	Winter	Snorkeling	25000	4.8
10	10	Varanasi	Uttar_Pradesh	North	Spiritual	Winter	Ganga_Aarti	11000	4.5
11	11	Leh	Ladakh	North	Adventure	Summer	Biking	20000	4.9
12	12	Mysore	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Palace_Visit	10000	4.2
13	13	Kochi	Kerala	South	Backwater	Monsoon	Houseboat	17000	4.4
14	14	Shillong	Meghalaya	East	HillStation	Summer	Waterfalls	15000	4.3
15	15	Hampi	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Ruins_Tour	14000	4.1
16	16	Agra	Uttar_Pradesh	North	Heritage	Winter	Taj_Mahal	12000	4.7
17	17	Kanyakumari	Tamil_Nadu	South	Coastal	Winter	Sunrise_View	13000	4.2
18	18	Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	North	HillStation	Winter	Skiing	18000	4.8
19	19	Puri	Odisha	East	Beach	Winter	Temple_Visit	10000	4.3
20	20	Mahabalipuram	Tamil_Nadu	South	Heritage	Winter	Temple_Sculptures	11000	4.1
21	21	Auli	Uttarakhand	North	Adventure	Winter	Skiing	16000	4.6
22	22	Rameswaram	Tamil_Nadu	South	Spiritual	Winter	Temple_Tour	10000	4.4
23	23	Khajuraho	Madhya_Pradesh	Central	Heritage	Winter	Erotic_Sculptures	14000	4.0
24	24	Sikkim	Sikkim	East	HillStation	Summer	Trekking	17000	4.5
25	25	Mount_Abu	Rajasthan	West	HillStation	Summer	Lake_Boating	12000	4.2
26	26	Lonavala	Maharashtra	West	HillStation	Monsoon	Nature_Walk	9000	4.1
27	27	Coorg	Karnataka	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Coffee_Plantation	13000	4.3

2. PROC PRINT – To display the entire dataset

Purpose: To print and display all vacation place records 

proc print data=vacation_places_india;

    title "All Vacation Places in India";

run;

Output:

All Vacation Places in India

Obs	Place_ID	Name	State	Region	Type	Ideal_Season	Popular_Activity	Avg_Cost_Per_Person	Rating
1	1	Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	North	HillStation	Summer	Skiing	15000	4.7
2	2	Goa	Goa	West	Beach	Winter	Party	18000	4.8
3	3	Jaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Fort_Visit	14000	4.5
4	4	Darjeeling	West_Bengal	East	HillStation	Summer	Toy_Train	12000	4.4
5	5	Ooty	Tamil_Nadu	South	HillStation	Summer	Botanical_Garden	13000	4.6
6	6	Munnar	Kerala	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Tea_Estate_Tour	14000	4.5
7	7	Udaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Lake_Tour	16000	4.3
8	8	Rishikesh	Uttarakhand	North	Spiritual	Winter	River_Rafting	9000	4.6
9	9	Andaman	Islands	UT	Beach	Winter	Snorkeling	25000	4.8
10	10	Varanasi	Uttar_Pradesh	North	Spiritual	Winter	Ganga_Aarti	11000	4.5
11	11	Leh	Ladakh	North	Adventure	Summer	Biking	20000	4.9
12	12	Mysore	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Palace_Visit	10000	4.2
13	13	Kochi	Kerala	South	Backwater	Monsoon	Houseboat	17000	4.4
14	14	Shillong	Meghalaya	East	HillStation	Summer	Waterfalls	15000	4.3
15	15	Hampi	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Ruins_Tour	14000	4.1
16	16	Agra	Uttar_Pradesh	North	Heritage	Winter	Taj_Mahal	12000	4.7
17	17	Kanyakumari	Tamil_Nadu	South	Coastal	Winter	Sunrise_View	13000	4.2
18	18	Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	North	HillStation	Winter	Skiing	18000	4.8
19	19	Puri	Odisha	East	Beach	Winter	Temple_Visit	10000	4.3
20	20	Mahabalipuram	Tamil_Nadu	South	Heritage	Winter	Temple_Sculptures	11000	4.1
21	21	Auli	Uttarakhand	North	Adventure	Winter	Skiing	16000	4.6
22	22	Rameswaram	Tamil_Nadu	South	Spiritual	Winter	Temple_Tour	10000	4.4
23	23	Khajuraho	Madhya_Pradesh	Central	Heritage	Winter	Erotic_Sculptures	14000	4.0
24	24	Sikkim	Sikkim	East	HillStation	Summer	Trekking	17000	4.5
25	25	Mount_Abu	Rajasthan	West	HillStation	Summer	Lake_Boating	12000	4.2
26	26	Lonavala	Maharashtra	West	HillStation	Monsoon	Nature_Walk	9000	4.1
27	27	Coorg	Karnataka	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Coffee_Plantation	13000	4.3

3. PROC SORT – Sort places by cost

Purpose: To sort vacation places by highest to lowest average cost 

proc sort data=vacation_places_india out=sorted_by_cost;

    by descending Avg_Cost_Per_Person;

run;

proc print data = sorted_by_cost(obs=10);

run;

Output:

Obs	Place_ID	Name	State	Region	Type	Ideal_Season	Popular_Activity	Avg_Cost_Per_Person	Rating
1	9	Andaman	Islands	UT	Beach	Winter	Snorkeling	25000	4.8
2	11	Leh	Ladakh	North	Adventure	Summer	Biking	20000	4.9
3	2	Goa	Goa	West	Beach	Winter	Party	18000	4.8
4	18	Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	North	HillStation	Winter	Skiing	18000	4.8
5	13	Kochi	Kerala	South	Backwater	Monsoon	Houseboat	17000	4.4
6	24	Sikkim	Sikkim	East	HillStation	Summer	Trekking	17000	4.5
7	7	Udaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Lake_Tour	16000	4.3
8	21	Auli	Uttarakhand	North	Adventure	Winter	Skiing	16000	4.6
9	1	Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	North	HillStation	Summer	Skiing	15000	4.7
10	14	Shillong	Meghalaya	East	HillStation	Summer	Waterfalls	15000	4.3

4. PROC MEANS – Average cost and rating

Purpose: To find mean, min, and max values for cost and rating 

proc means data=vacation_places_india mean min max;

    var Avg_Cost_Per_Person Rating;

run;

Output:

The MEANS Procedure

Variable	Mean	Minimum	Maximum
Avg_Cost_Per_Person Rating	14000.00 4.4370370	9000.00 4.0000000	25000.00 4.9000000

5. PROC FREQ – Frequency of vacation types

Purpose: To calculate frequency of each vacation type (e.g., HillStation, Heritage) 

proc freq data=vacation_places_india;

    tables Type;

run;

Output:

The FREQ Procedure

Type	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Frequency	Cumulative Percent
Adventure	2	7.41	2	7.41
Backwater	1	3.70	3	11.11
Beach	3	11.11	6	22.22
Coastal	1	3.70	7	25.93
Heritage	7	25.93	14	51.85
HillStation	10	37.04	24	88.89
Spiritual	3	11.11	27	100.00

6. PROC UNIVARIATE – Distribution of ratings

Purpose: To analyze the distribution and shape of the Rating variable 

proc univariate data=vacation_places_india;

    var Rating;

run;

Output:

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: Rating

Moments
N	27	Sum Weights	27
Mean	4.43703704	Sum Observations	119.8
Std Deviation	0.24984326	Variance	0.06242165
Skewness	0.11798908	Kurtosis	-0.9444171
Uncorrected SS	533.18	Corrected SS	1.62296296
Coeff Variation	5.63085802	Std Error Mean	0.04808236

Basic Statistical Measures
Location		Variability
Mean	4.437037	Std Deviation	0.24984
Median	4.400000	Variance	0.06242
Mode	4.300000	Range	0.90000
		Interquartile Range	0.40000

Note: The mode displayed is the smallest of 2 modes with a count of 4.

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test	Statistic		p Value
Student's t	t	92.27994	Pr > |t|	<.0001
Sign	M	13.5	Pr >= |M|	<.0001
Signed Rank	S	189	Pr >= |S|	<.0001

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Level	Quantile
100% Max	4.9
99%	4.9
95%	4.8
90%	4.8
75% Q3	4.6
50% Median	4.4
25% Q1	4.2
10%	4.1
5%	4.1
1%	4.0
0% Min	4.0

Extreme Observations
Lowest		Highest
Value	Obs	Value	Obs
4.0	23	4.7	16
4.1	26	4.8	2
4.1	20	4.8	9
4.1	15	4.8	18
4.2	25	4.9	11

7. PROC TRANSPOSE – Transpose data for comparison

Purpose: To restructure the dataset for comparing ratings across regions 

proc transpose data=vacation_places_india out=transposed_rating;

    id Region;

    var Rating;

    by Type;

run;

proc print;run;

Output:

Obs	Type	_NAME_	North	West	East	South	UT	Central
1	HillStation	Rating	4.7	.	.	.	.	.
2	Beach	Rating	.	4.8	.	.	.	.
3	Heritage	Rating	.	4.5	.	.	.	.
4	Heritage	Rating	.	4.3	.	.	.	.
5	Spiritual	Rating	4.6	.	.	.	.	.
6	Beach	Rating	.	.	.	.	4.8	.
7	Spiritual	Rating	4.5	.	.	.	.	.
8	Adventure	Rating	4.9	.	.	.	.	.
9	Heritage	Rating	.	.	.	4.2	.	.
10	Backwater	Rating	.	.	.	4.4	.	.
11	HillStation	Rating	.	.	4.3	.	.	.
12	Heritage	Rating	4.7	.	.	4.1	.	.
13	Coastal	Rating	.	.	.	4.2	.	.
14	HillStation	Rating	4.8	.	.	.	.	.
15	Beach	Rating	.	.	4.3	.	.	.
16	Heritage	Rating	.	.	.	4.1	.	.
17	Adventure	Rating	4.6	.	.	.	.	.
18	Spiritual	Rating	.	.	.	4.4	.	.
19	Heritage	Rating	.	.	.	.	.	4

8. PROC SGPLOT – Plot Cost vs Rating

Purpose: To visualize the relationship between cost and rating grouped by vacation type 

proc sgplot data=vacation_places_india;

    scatter x=Avg_Cost_Per_Person y=Rating / group=Type;

    title "Scatter Plot of Cost vs Rating by Vacation Type";

run;

Output:

9. PROC SQL – Multiple tasks

a. Top 5 rated vacation places

 Purpose: To get top 5 vacation places by rating using SQL 

proc sql outobs=5;

    select Name, State, Type, Rating 

    from vacation_places_india

    order by Rating desc;

quit;

Output:

Name	State	Type	Rating
Leh	Ladakh	Adventure	4.9
Goa	Goa	Beach	4.8
Andaman	Islands	Beach	4.8
Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	HillStation	4.8
Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	HillStation	4.7

b. Count places per state

 Purpose: To count how many vacation spots exist per state 

proc sql;

    select State, count(*) as Place_Count

    from vacation_places_india

    group by State

    order by Place_Count desc;

quit;

Output:

State	Place_Count
Tamil_Nadu	4
Karnataka	3
Rajasthan	3
Kerala	2
Uttar_Pradesh	2
Uttarakhand	2
Ladakh	1
Islands	1
Sikkim	1
Odisha	1
Meghalaya	1
Maharashtra	1
Goa	1
Himachal_Pradesh	1
Jammu_and_Kashmir	1
Madhya_Pradesh	1
West_Bengal	1

10. MACROS – Automate analysis

a. Macro to display top N vacation places by rating

 Purpose: Reusable macro to get top N vacation spots by rating 

%macro top_places(n=5);

    proc sql outobs=&n;

        title "Top &n Rated Vacation Places";

        select Name, State, Rating

        from vacation_places_india

        order by Rating desc;

    quit;

%mend;

%top_places(n=10);

Output:

Top 10 Rated Vacation Places

Name	State	Rating
Leh	Ladakh	4.9
Goa	Goa	4.8
Andaman	Islands	4.8
Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	4.8
Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	4.7
Agra	Uttar_Pradesh	4.7
Ooty	Tamil_Nadu	4.6
Auli	Uttarakhand	4.6
Rishikesh	Uttarakhand	4.6
Sikkim	Sikkim	4.5

b. Macro to show places by type

 Purpose: To filter and print vacation places of a specific type 

%macro show_by_type(place_type);

    proc print data=vacation_places_india;

        where Type="&place_type";

        title "Places of Type: &place_type";

    run;

%mend;

%show_by_type(HillStation);

Output:

Places of Type: HillStation

Obs	Place_ID	Name	State	Region	Type	Ideal_Season	Popular_Activity	Avg_Cost_Per_Person	Rating
1	1	Manali	Himachal_Pradesh	North	HillStation	Summer	Skiing	15000	4.7
4	4	Darjeeling	West_Bengal	East	HillStation	Summer	Toy_Train	12000	4.4
5	5	Ooty	Tamil_Nadu	South	HillStation	Summer	Botanical_Garden	13000	4.6
6	6	Munnar	Kerala	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Tea_Estate_Tour	14000	4.5
14	14	Shillong	Meghalaya	East	HillStation	Summer	Waterfalls	15000	4.3
18	18	Gulmarg	Jammu_and_Kashmir	North	HillStation	Winter	Skiing	18000	4.8
24	24	Sikkim	Sikkim	East	HillStation	Summer	Trekking	17000	4.5
25	25	Mount_Abu	Rajasthan	West	HillStation	Summer	Lake_Boating	12000	4.2
26	26	Lonavala	Maharashtra	West	HillStation	Monsoon	Nature_Walk	9000	4.1
27	27	Coorg	Karnataka	South	HillStation	Monsoon	Coffee_Plantation	13000	4.3

%show_by_type(Heritage);

Output:

Places of Type: Heritage

Obs	Place_ID	Name	State	Region	Type	Ideal_Season	Popular_Activity	Avg_Cost_Per_Person	Rating
3	3	Jaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Fort_Visit	14000	4.5
7	7	Udaipur	Rajasthan	West	Heritage	Winter	Lake_Tour	16000	4.3
12	12	Mysore	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Palace_Visit	10000	4.2
15	15	Hampi	Karnataka	South	Heritage	Winter	Ruins_Tour	14000	4.1
16	16	Agra	Uttar_Pradesh	North	Heritage	Winter	Taj_Mahal	12000	4.7
20	20	Mahabalipuram	Tamil_Nadu	South	Heritage	Winter	Temple_Sculptures	11000	4.1
23	23	Khajuraho	Madhya_Pradesh	Central	Heritage	Winter	Erotic_Sculptures	14000	4.0

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