248.COMPREHENSIVE RAINFALL ANALYSIS ACROSS DIFFERENT PLACES IN INDIA USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC FREQ | PROC SQL | ADVANCED MACROS IN SAS

COMPREHENSIVE RAINFALL ANALYSIS ACROSS DIFFERENT PLACES IN INDIA USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC FREQ | PROC SQL | ADVANCED MACROS IN SAS

 /* Creating a dataset named rainfall_data */

1. Dataset Creation

options nocenter;

data rainfall_data;

    infile datalines dlm=',' dsd;

    input City : $20. State : $20. Month : $10. Rainfall_mm Region : $10.;

    datalines;

Hyderabad,Telangana,June,145,South

Chennai,Tamil Nadu,June,110,South

Mumbai,Maharashtra,June,540,West

Delhi,Delhi,June,180,North

Bengaluru,Karnataka,June,130,South

Kolkata,West Bengal,June,380,East

Ahmedabad,Gujarat,June,220,West

Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh,June,160,North

Jaipur,Rajasthan,June,90,West

Patna,Bihar,June,290,East

Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh,June,250,Central

Guwahati,Assam,June,420,Northeast

Imphal,Manipur,June,380,Northeast

Shimla,Himachal Pradesh,June,200,North

Panaji,Goa,June,470,West

Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala,June,600,South

Ranchi,Jharkhand,June,270,East

Pune,Maharashtra,June,490,West

Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh,June,180,South

Nagpur,Maharashtra,June,300,Central

Agartala,Tripura,June,350,Northeast

Shillong,Meghalaya,June,500,Northeast

Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh,June,210,North

Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu,June,140,South

Raipur,Chhattisgarh,June,310,Central

Itanagar,Arunachal Pradesh,June,460,Northeast

Dehradun,Uttarakhand,June,280,North

Aizawl,Mizoram,June,410,Northeast

; 

run;

proc print;run;

Output:

Obs	City	State	Month	Rainfall_mm	Region
1	Hyderabad	Telangana	June	145	South
2	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	June	110	South
3	Mumbai	Maharashtra	June	540	West
4	Delhi	Delhi	June	180	North
5	Bengaluru	Karnataka	June	130	South
6	Kolkata	West Bengal	June	380	East
7	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	June	220	West
8	Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	June	160	North
9	Jaipur	Rajasthan	June	90	West
10	Patna	Bihar	June	290	East
11	Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh	June	250	Central
12	Guwahati	Assam	June	420	Northeast
13	Imphal	Manipur	June	380	Northeast
14	Shimla	Himachal Pradesh	June	200	North
15	Panaji	Goa	June	470	West
16	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	June	600	South
17	Ranchi	Jharkhand	June	270	East
18	Pune	Maharashtra	June	490	West
19	Vijayawada	Andhra Pradesh	June	180	South
20	Nagpur	Maharashtra	June	300	Central
21	Agartala	Tripura	June	350	Northeast
22	Shillong	Meghalaya	June	500	Northeast
23	Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh	June	210	North
24	Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu	June	140	South
25	Raipur	Chhattisgarh	June	310	Central
26	Itanagar	Arunachal Pradesh	June	460	Northeast
27	Dehradun	Uttarakhand	June	280	North
28	Aizawl	Mizoram	June	410	Northeast

2. PROC PRINT – Display the Dataset

title "Rainfall Dataset Across Different Cities in India";

proc print data=rainfall_data noobs;

run;

Output:

Rainfall Dataset Across Different Cities in India

City	State	Month	Rainfall_mm	Region
Hyderabad	Telangana	June	145	South
Chennai	Tamil Nadu	June	110	South
Mumbai	Maharashtra	June	540	West
Delhi	Delhi	June	180	North
Bengaluru	Karnataka	June	130	South
Kolkata	West Bengal	June	380	East
Ahmedabad	Gujarat	June	220	West
Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	June	160	North
Jaipur	Rajasthan	June	90	West
Patna	Bihar	June	290	East
Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh	June	250	Central
Guwahati	Assam	June	420	Northeast
Imphal	Manipur	June	380	Northeast
Shimla	Himachal Pradesh	June	200	North
Panaji	Goa	June	470	West
Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	June	600	South
Ranchi	Jharkhand	June	270	East
Pune	Maharashtra	June	490	West
Vijayawada	Andhra Pradesh	June	180	South
Nagpur	Maharashtra	June	300	Central
Agartala	Tripura	June	350	Northeast
Shillong	Meghalaya	June	500	Northeast
Varanasi	Uttar Pradesh	June	210	North
Coimbatore	Tamil Nadu	June	140	South
Raipur	Chhattisgarh	June	310	Central
Itanagar	Arunachal Pradesh	June	460	Northeast
Dehradun	Uttarakhand	June	280	North
Aizawl	Mizoram	June	410	Northeast

3. PROC SORT – Sorting by Rainfall

proc sort data=rainfall_data out=sorted_rainfall;

    by descending Rainfall_mm;

run;

title "Top Cities by Rainfall";

proc print data=sorted_rainfall (obs=10);

run;

Output:

Top Cities by Rainfall

Obs	City	State	Month	Rainfall_mm	Region
1	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	June	600	South
2	Mumbai	Maharashtra	June	540	West
3	Shillong	Meghalaya	June	500	Northeast
4	Pune	Maharashtra	June	490	West
5	Panaji	Goa	June	470	West
6	Itanagar	Arunachal Pradesh	June	460	Northeast
7	Guwahati	Assam	June	420	Northeast
8	Aizawl	Mizoram	June	410	Northeast
9	Kolkata	West Bengal	June	380	East
10	Imphal	Manipur	June	380	Northeast

4. PROC MEANS – Rainfall Statistics

title "Rainfall Summary Statistics by Region";

proc means data=rainfall_data mean median min max maxdec=2;

    class Region;

    var Rainfall_mm;

run;

Output:

Rainfall Summary Statistics by Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Region	N Obs	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Central	3	286.67	300.00	250.00	310.00
East	3	313.33	290.00	270.00	380.00
North	5	206.00	200.00	160.00	280.00
Northeast	6	420.00	415.00	350.00	500.00
South	6	217.50	142.50	110.00	600.00
West	5	362.00	470.00	90.00	540.00

5. PROC FREQ – Frequency of Cities by Region

title "Number of Cities Per Region";

proc freq data=rainfall_data;

    tables Region;

run;

Output:

Number of Cities Per Region

The FREQ Procedure

Region	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Frequency	Cumulative Percent
Central	3	10.71	3	10.71
East	3	10.71	6	21.43
North	5	17.86	11	39.29
Northeast	6	21.43	17	60.71
South	6	21.43	23	82.14
West	5	17.86	28	100.00

6. PROC SQL – Advanced Queries

a. Average Rainfall per State

title "Average Rainfall per State";

proc sql;

    select State, mean(Rainfall_mm) as Avg_Rainfall format=8.2

    from rainfall_data

    group by State

    order by Avg_Rainfall desc;

quit;

Output:

Average Rainfall per State

State	Avg_Rainfall
Kerala	600.00
Meghalaya	500.00
Goa	470.00
Arunachal Pradesh	460.00
Maharashtra	443.33
Assam	420.00
Mizoram	410.00
Manipur	380.00
West Bengal	380.00
Tripura	350.00
Chhattisgarh	310.00
Bihar	290.00
Uttarakhand	280.00
Jharkhand	270.00
Madhya Pradesh	250.00
Gujarat	220.00
Himachal Pradesh	200.00
Uttar Pradesh	185.00
Delhi	180.00
Andhra Pradesh	180.00
Telangana	145.00
Karnataka	130.00
Tamil Nadu	125.00
Rajasthan	90.00

b. Cities with Rainfall above 400mm

title "Cities with Rainfall Greater than 400mm";

proc sql;

    select City, State, Rainfall_mm

    from rainfall_data

    where Rainfall_mm > 400

    order by Rainfall_mm desc;

quit;

Output:

Cities with Rainfall Greater than 400mm

City	State	Rainfall_mm
Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala	600
Mumbai	Maharashtra	540
Shillong	Meghalaya	500
Pune	Maharashtra	490
Panaji	Goa	470
Itanagar	Arunachal Pradesh	460
Guwahati	Assam	420
Aizawl	Mizoram	410

c. Regional Rainfall Contribution

title "Total Rainfall by Region";

proc sql;

    select Region, sum(Rainfall_mm) as Total_Rainfall format=8.0

    from rainfall_data

    group by Region;

quit;

Output:

Total Rainfall by Region

Region	Total_Rainfall
Central	860
East	940
North	1030
Northeast	2520
South	1305
West	1810

7. MACRO – Automating Regional Analysis

%macro avg_rainfall_by_region;

    proc sql noprint;

        select distinct Region into :region_list separated by '|' 

        from rainfall_data;

    quit;

    data _null_;

        length str $500;

        str = symget("region_list");

        count = countw(str, '|');

        call symputx("region_count", count);

    run;

    %do i = 1 %to &region_count;

        %let region_name = %scan(&region_list, &i, |);

        title "Rainfall Stats for &region_name Region";

        proc means data=rainfall_data mean median maxdec=1;

            where Region = "&region_name";

            var Rainfall_mm;

        run;

    %end;

%mend avg_rainfall_by_region;

%avg_rainfall_by_region;

Output:

Rainfall Stats for Central Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
286.7	300.0

Rainfall Stats for East Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
313.3	290.0

Rainfall Stats for North Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
206.0	200.0

Rainfall Stats for Northeast Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
420.0	415.0

Rainfall Stats for South Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
217.5	142.5

Rainfall Stats for West Region

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : Rainfall_mm
Mean	Median
362.0	470.0

8. Additional Analytical Scenarios

a. Top 5 Cities in South India by Rainfall

title "Top 5 South Indian Cities by Rainfall";

proc sql;

    select City, Rainfall_mm

    from rainfall_data

    where Region = 'South'

    order by Rainfall_mm desc;

quit;

Output:

Top 5 South Indian Cities by Rainfall

City	Rainfall_mm
Thiruvananthapuram	600
Vijayawada	180
Hyderabad	145
Coimbatore	140
Bengaluru	130
Chennai	110

b. Lowest Rainfall Across India

title "Cities with Least Rainfall";

proc sql outobs=5;

    select City, Rainfall_mm

    from rainfall_data

    order by Rainfall_mm asc;

quit;

Output:

Cities with Least Rainfall

City	Rainfall_mm
Jaipur	90
Chennai	110
Bengaluru	130
Coimbatore	140
Hyderabad	145

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