298.How Can SAS Be Used to Analyze Intermediate Students Performance

How Can SAS Be Used to Analyze Intermediate Students Performance

options nocenter;

1. DATA SIMULATION MACRO

/* SIMULATE STUDENT DATA */

%macro simulate_students;

data Students_Marks;

    length StuID $5 StuName $15 Subject $12 Grade $2;

    

    do n = 1 to 7;  /* numeric loop instead of character loop */

        StuID = cats("S", put(n, z2.));  /* creates S01, S02, ... S7 */

        

        select (StuID);

            when ("S01") StuName="Rahul";

            when ("S02") StuName="Anitha";

            when ("S03") StuName="Kiran";

            when ("S04") StuName="Priya";

            when ("S05") StuName="Vamsi";

            when ("S06") StuName="Divya";

            when ("S07") StuName="Rohit";

            otherwise;

        end;

        /* Assign random subjects and marks */

        array subs[3] $12 _temporary_ ('Maths','Physics','Chemistry');

        do i=1 to dim(subs);

            Subject = subs[i];

            Marks = 50 + int(50*ranuni(123));

            if Marks >=90 then Grade="A+";

            else if Marks >=80 then Grade="A";

            else if Marks >=70 then Grade="B";

            else if Marks >=60 then Grade="C";

            else if Marks >=50 then Grade="D";

            else Grade="F";

            output;

        end;

    end;

    drop i n;

run;

%mend simulate_students;

%simulate_students;

proc print data=Students_Marks;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	StuName	Subject	Grade	Marks
1	S01	Rahul	Maths	A	87
2	S01	Rahul	Physics	C	66
3	S01	Rahul	Chemistry	D	58
4	S02	Anitha	Maths	A+	95
5	S02	Anitha	Physics	C	67
6	S02	Anitha	Chemistry	C	61
7	S03	Kiran	Maths	A	89
8	S03	Kiran	Physics	C	69
9	S03	Kiran	Chemistry	D	56
10	S04	Priya	Maths	D	59
11	S04	Priya	Physics	A	88
12	S04	Priya	Chemistry	B	71
13	S05	Vamsi	Maths	A+	98
14	S05	Vamsi	Physics	C	63
15	S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	A	85
16	S06	Divya	Maths	B	77
17	S06	Divya	Physics	B	76
18	S06	Divya	Chemistry	A+	93
19	S07	Rohit	Maths	D	57
20	S07	Rohit	Physics	A+	93
21	S07	Rohit	Chemistry	A	82

2. CREATE SECONDARY TABLES

/* Student Info Dataset */

data Students_Info;

    input StuID $ Age Gender $ Section $;

    datalines;

S01 17 M A

S02 18 F B

S03 17 M A

S04 18 F A

S05 17 M B

S06 17 F C

S07 18 M C

;

run;

proc print data=Students_Info;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	Age	Gender	Section
1	S01	17	M	A
2	S02	18	F	B
3	S03	17	M	A
4	S04	18	F	A
5	S05	17	M	B
6	S06	17	F	C
7	S07	18	M	C

/* Sports Information Dataset */

data Students_Sports;

    input StuID $ Sport:$10. Position $;

    datalines;

S01 Cricket Captain

S02 Badminton Player

S03 Football Player

S04 KhoKho Captain

S05 Chess Player

S06 Basketball Player

S07 Kabaddi Captain

;

run;

proc print data=Students_Sports;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	Sport	Position
1	S01	Cricket	Captain
2	S02	Badminton	Player
3	S03	Football	Player
4	S04	KhoKho	Captain
5	S05	Chess	Player
6	S06	Basketball	Player
7	S07	Kabaddi	Captain

3. COMBINING DATA TECHNIQUES

3a. Using SET

/* Creating two parts for SET demonstration */

data Term1;

    set Students_Marks(obs=9);

run;

proc print data=Term1;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	StuName	Subject	Grade	Marks
1	S01	Rahul	Maths	A	87
2	S01	Rahul	Physics	C	66
3	S01	Rahul	Chemistry	D	58
4	S02	Anitha	Maths	A+	95
5	S02	Anitha	Physics	C	67
6	S02	Anitha	Chemistry	C	61
7	S03	Kiran	Maths	A	89
8	S03	Kiran	Physics	C	69
9	S03	Kiran	Chemistry	D	56

data Term2;

    set Students_Marks(firstobs=10 obs=21);

run;

proc print data=Term2;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	StuName	Subject	Grade	Marks
1	S04	Priya	Maths	D	59
2	S04	Priya	Physics	A	88
3	S04	Priya	Chemistry	B	71
4	S05	Vamsi	Maths	A+	98
5	S05	Vamsi	Physics	C	63
6	S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	A	85
7	S06	Divya	Maths	B	77
8	S06	Divya	Physics	B	76
9	S06	Divya	Chemistry	A+	93
10	S07	Rohit	Maths	D	57
11	S07	Rohit	Physics	A+	93
12	S07	Rohit	Chemistry	A	82

/* Combine both terms */

data Combined_SET;

    set Term1 Term2;

run;

proc print data=Combined_SET;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	StuName	Subject	Grade	Marks
1	S01	Rahul	Maths	A	87
2	S01	Rahul	Physics	C	66
3	S01	Rahul	Chemistry	D	58
4	S02	Anitha	Maths	A+	95
5	S02	Anitha	Physics	C	67
6	S02	Anitha	Chemistry	C	61
7	S03	Kiran	Maths	A	89
8	S03	Kiran	Physics	C	69
9	S03	Kiran	Chemistry	D	56
10	S04	Priya	Maths	D	59
11	S04	Priya	Physics	A	88
12	S04	Priya	Chemistry	B	71
13	S05	Vamsi	Maths	A+	98
14	S05	Vamsi	Physics	C	63
15	S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	A	85
16	S06	Divya	Maths	B	77
17	S06	Divya	Physics	B	76
18	S06	Divya	Chemistry	A+	93
19	S07	Rohit	Maths	D	57
20	S07	Rohit	Physics	A+	93
21	S07	Rohit	Chemistry	A	82

3b. Using MERGE

proc sort data=Students_Info;

 by StuID; 

run;

proc print data=Students_Info;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	Age	Gender	Section
1	S01	17	M	A
2	S02	18	F	B
3	S03	17	M	A
4	S04	18	F	A
5	S05	17	M	B
6	S06	17	F	C
7	S07	18	M	C

proc sort data=Students_Sports; 

  by StuID; 

run;

proc print data=Students_Sports;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	Sport	Position
1	S01	Cricket	Captain
2	S02	Badminton	Player
3	S03	Football	Player
4	S04	KhoKho	Captain
5	S05	Chess	Player
6	S06	Basketball	Player
7	S07	Kabaddi	Captain

/* Merge horizontally */

data Combined_MERGE;

    merge Students_Info Students_Sports;

    by StuID;

run;

proc print data=Combined_MERGE;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	Age	Gender	Section	Sport	Position
1	S01	17	M	A	Cricket	Captain
2	S02	18	F	B	Badminton	Player
3	S03	17	M	A	Football	Player
4	S04	18	F	A	KhoKho	Captain
5	S05	17	M	B	Chess	Player
6	S06	17	F	C	Basketball	Player
7	S07	18	M	C	Kabaddi	Captain

3c. Using PROC SQL (Join)

proc sql;

    create table Combined_SQL as

    select a.StuID, a.StuName, a.Subject, a.Marks, a.Grade,

           b.Age, b.Gender, c.Sport, c.Position

    from Students_Marks a

    left join Students_Info b 

    on a.StuID=b.StuID

    left join Students_Sports c 

    on a.StuID=c.StuID

    order by a.StuID;

quit;

proc print data=Combined_SQL;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	StuID	StuName	Subject	Marks	Grade	Age	Gender	Sport	Position
1	S01	Rahul	Physics	66	C	17	M	Cricket	Captain
2	S01	Rahul	Chemistry	58	D	17	M	Cricket	Captain
3	S01	Rahul	Maths	87	A	17	M	Cricket	Captain
4	S02	Anitha	Chemistry	61	C	18	F	Badminton	Player
5	S02	Anitha	Physics	67	C	18	F	Badminton	Player
6	S02	Anitha	Maths	95	A+	18	F	Badminton	Player
7	S03	Kiran	Maths	89	A	17	M	Football	Player
8	S03	Kiran	Chemistry	56	D	17	M	Football	Player
9	S03	Kiran	Physics	69	C	17	M	Football	Player
10	S04	Priya	Chemistry	71	B	18	F	KhoKho	Captain
11	S04	Priya	Physics	88	A	18	F	KhoKho	Captain
12	S04	Priya	Maths	59	D	18	F	KhoKho	Captain
13	S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	85	A	17	M	Chess	Player
14	S05	Vamsi	Physics	63	C	17	M	Chess	Player
15	S05	Vamsi	Maths	98	A+	17	M	Chess	Player
16	S06	Divya	Chemistry	93	A+	17	F	Basketball	Player
17	S06	Divya	Physics	76	B	17	F	Basketball	Player
18	S06	Divya	Maths	77	B	17	F	Basketball	Player
19	S07	Rohit	Chemistry	82	A	18	M	Kabaddi	Captain
20	S07	Rohit	Physics	93	A+	18	M	Kabaddi	Captain
21	S07	Rohit	Maths	57	D	18	M	Kabaddi	Captain

4. QC CHECKS USING PROC COMPARE 

proc compare base=Combined_MERGE compare=Combined_SQL 

             out=Compare_Result noprint;

run;

proc print data=Compare_Result (obs=10);

    title "QC Comparison between MERGE and SQL Outputs";

run;

OUTPUT:

QC Comparison between MERGE and SQL Outputs

Obs	_TYPE_	_OBS_	StuID	Age	Gender	Sport	Position
1	DIF	1	........	0	........	..........	........
2	DIF	2	..X.....	-1	X.......	XXXXXX.XX.	XXXXXXX.
3	DIF	3	..X.....	0	........	XXXXXXXX..	XXXXXXX.
4	DIF	4	..X.....	0	........	XXXXXXXXX.	XXXXXXX.
5	DIF	5	..X.....	1	X.......	XXXXXXXXX.	........
6	DIF	6	..X.....	1	........	..XXXXXXXX	........
7	DIF	7	..X.....	-1	........	XXXXXXXX..	XXXXXXX.

5. TLF-STYLE SUMMARY TABLES

5a. PROC REPORT

proc report data=Combined_SQL nowd headline headskip;

    column StuName Subject Marks Grade;

    define StuName / group 'Student Name';

    define Subject / group 'Subject';

    define Marks / analysis mean format=8.2 'Average Marks';

    define Grade / group;

    rbreak after / summarize;

    title "TABLE 1: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BY SUBJECT";

run;

OUTPUT:

TABLE 1: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BY SUBJECT

Student Name	Subject	Average Marks	Grade
Anitha	Chemistry	61.00	C
	Maths	95.00	A+
	Physics	67.00	C
Divya	Chemistry	93.00	A+
	Maths	77.00	B
	Physics	76.00	B
Kiran	Chemistry	56.00	D
	Maths	89.00	A
	Physics	69.00	C
Priya	Chemistry	71.00	B
	Maths	59.00	D
	Physics	88.00	A
Rahul	Chemistry	58.00	D
	Maths	87.00	A
	Physics	66.00	C
Rohit	Chemistry	82.00	A
	Maths	57.00	D
	Physics	93.00	A+
Vamsi	Chemistry	85.00	A
	Maths	98.00	A+
	Physics	63.00	C
		75.71

5b. PROC REPORT : SHOWS TOTAL MARKS PER STUDENT 

proc report data=Combined_SQL nowd headline headskip;

    column StuID StuName Subject Marks Grade;

    define StuID   / group 'Student ID';

    define StuName / group 'Student Name';

    define Subject / display 'Subject';

    define Marks   / display format=8.2 'Marks';

    define Grade   / display 'Grade';

    /* Initialize accumulator before each student group */

    compute before StuID;

         sumMarks = 0;

    endcomp;

    /* Accumulate marks as each subject row is processed */

    compute Marks;

        sumMarks + Marks;

    endcomp;

    /* After the group (student) is finished, print the total line */

    compute after StuID;

        line '';

        line @5 "Total Marks for " StuName $15. ": " sumMarks 8.2;

        line '';

    endcomp;

    title "TABLE 2: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY WITH TOTAL PER STUDENT (LINE)";

run;

OUTPUT:

TABLE 2: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY WITH TOTAL PER STUDENT (LINE)

Student ID	Student Name	Subject	Marks	Grade
S01	Rahul	Physics	66.00	C
		Chemistry	58.00	D
		Maths	87.00	A
Total Marks for                :   211.00
S02	Anitha	Chemistry	61.00	C
		Physics	67.00	C
		Maths	95.00	A+
Total Marks for                :   223.00
S03	Kiran	Maths	89.00	A
		Chemistry	56.00	D
		Physics	69.00	C
Total Marks for                :   214.00
S04	Priya	Chemistry	71.00	B
		Physics	88.00	A
		Maths	59.00	D
Total Marks for                :   218.00
S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	85.00	A
		Physics	63.00	C
		Maths	98.00	A+
Total Marks for                :   246.00
S06	Divya	Chemistry	93.00	A+
		Physics	76.00	B
		Maths	77.00	B
Total Marks for                :   246.00
S07	Rohit	Chemistry	82.00	A
		Physics	93.00	A+
		Maths	57.00	D
Total Marks for                :   232.00

5c. PROC TABULATE

proc tabulate data=Combined_SQL;

    class Subject Grade;

    var Marks;

    table Subject,

          Grade*(Marks*(mean min max))

          / misstext='0' box='Subjects';

    title "TABLE 3: SUBJECT-WISE MARK STATISTICS BY GRADE";

run;

OUTPUT:

TABLE 3: SUBJECT-WISE MARK STATISTICS BY GRADE

Subjects	Grade
	A			A+			B			C			D
	Marks			Marks			Marks			Marks			Marks
	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max
Subject	83.50	82.00	85.00	93.00	93.00	93.00	71.00	71.00	71.00	61.00	61.00	61.00	57.00	56.00	58.00
Chemistry
Maths	88.00	87.00	89.00	96.50	95.00	98.00	77.00	77.00	77.00	0	0	0	58.00	57.00	59.00
Physics	88.00	88.00	88.00	93.00	93.00	93.00	76.00	76.00	76.00	66.25	63.00	69.00	0	0	0

6. REPORT MACRO

/*------------- MACRO : REPORT GENERATION --------------*/

%macro report_summary(type=REPORT);

%if &type=REPORT %then %do;

    ods pdf file="C:\SASReports\Student_Report.pdf";

    proc report data=Combined_SQL nowd;

        column StuID StuName Subject Marks Grade;

        define StuID / group;

        define StuName / group;

        define Subject / group;

        define Marks / analysis mean 'Avg Marks';

        define Grade / group;

        title "STUDENTS PERFORMANCE REPORT (PROC REPORT)";

    run;

    ods pdf close;

%end;

%else %if &type=TABULATE %then %do;

    ods pdf file="C:\SASReports\Student_Tabulates.pdf";

    proc tabulate data=Combined_SQL;

        class Subject Grade;

        var Marks;

        table Subject, Grade*(Marks*(mean min max));

        title "STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY (PROC TABULATE)";

    run;

    ods pdf close;

%end;

%mend report_summary;

/* Call both report types */

%report_summary(type=REPORT);

OUTPUT:

STUDENTS PERFORMANCE REPORT (PROC REPORT)

StuID	StuName	Subject	Avg Marks	Grade
S01	Rahul	Chemistry	58	D
		Maths	87	A
		Physics	66	C
S02	Anitha	Chemistry	61	C
		Maths	95	A+
		Physics	67	C
S03	Kiran	Chemistry	56	D
		Maths	89	A
		Physics	69	C
S04	Priya	Chemistry	71	B
		Maths	59	D
		Physics	88	A
S05	Vamsi	Chemistry	85	A
		Maths	98	A+
		Physics	63	C
S06	Divya	Chemistry	93	A+
		Maths	77	B
		Physics	76	B
S07	Rohit	Chemistry	82	A
		Maths	57	D
		Physics	93	A+

%report_summary(type=TABULATE);

OUTPUT:

STUDENTS PERFORMANCE SUMMARY (PROC TABULATE)

	Grade
	A			A+			B			C			D
	Marks			Marks			Marks			Marks			Marks
	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max
Subject	83.50	82.00	85.00	93.00	93.00	93.00	71.00	71.00	71.00	61.00	61.00	61.00	57.00	56.00	58.00
Chemistry
Maths	88.00	87.00	89.00	96.50	95.00	98.00	77.00	77.00	77.00	.	.	.	58.00	57.00	59.00
Physics	88.00	88.00	88.00	93.00	93.00	93.00	76.00	76.00	76.00	66.25	63.00	69.00	.	.	.

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