264.TEMPLES OF INDIA DATASET ANALYSIS USING PROC PRINT | PROC CONTENTS | PROC SORT | PROC FREQ | PROC MEANS | PROC SQL | PROC TABULATE | PROC REPORT | PROC TRANSPOSE | PROC FORMAT | PROC RANK | PROC SGPLOT | MACROS

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249.COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL KINGDOMS IN INDIA (1950–2025) USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC SQL | MACROS | FOR CULTURAL AND STATISTICAL INSIGHTS IN SAS

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COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL KINGDOMS IN INDIA (1950–2025) USING PROC PRINT | PROC SORT | PROC MEANS | PROC SQL | MACROS | FOR CULTURAL AND STATISTICAL INSIGHTS IN SAS

 /* Creating a dataset of Indian kingdoms between 1950 and 2025 */

1.Creating the Dataset

data kingdoms_india;

    length Kingdom_Name $25 Region $25 Ruler_Name $40 Type $15 Cultural_Significance $15;

    infile datalines dsd dlm=' ' truncover;

    input Kingdom_ID Kingdom_Name :$25. Region :$25. Ruler_Name :$40. Start_Year

          End_Year Territory_Size  Population Type :$15. Cultural_Significance :$15.;

    datalines;

1 "Jaipur" "Rajasthan" "Maharaja Man Singh" 1950 1970 15000 500000 "Princely" "High"

2 "Mysore" "Karnataka" "Jayachamarajendra" 1950 1971 20000 1000000 "Princely" "High"

3 "Hyderabad" "Telangana" "Nawab Mukarram Jah" 1950 2023 40000 1500000 "Princely" "Very High"

4 "Travancore" "Kerala" "Chithira Thirunal" 1950 1991 12000 300000 "Princely" "High"

5 "Gwalior" "Madhya Pradesh" "Jiwaji Rao Scindia" 1950 1961 18000 450000 "Princely" "Moderate"

6 "CoochBehar" "Bengal" "Jagaddipendra Narayan" 1950 1970 9000 200000 "Princely" "Moderate"

7 "Jodhpur" "Rajasthan" "Hanwant Singh" 1950 1960 17000 480000 "Princely" "High"

8 "Udaipur" "Rajasthan" "Bhagwat Singh Mewar" 1950 1984 16000 470000 "Princely" "High"

9 "Patiala" "Punjab" "Yadavindra Singh" 1950 1971 15500 460000 "Princely" "High"

10 "Baroda" "Gujarat" "Pratap Singh Gaekwad" 1950 1968 16500 430000 "Princely" "High"

11 "Bikaner" "Rajasthan" "Sadul Singh" 1950 1961 14500 300000 "Princely" "Moderate"

12 "Junagadh" "Gujarat" "Mahabat Khanji III" 1950 1960 11000 250000 "Princely" "Moderate"

13 "Alwar" "Rajasthan" "Taj Singh" 1950 1965 10000 220000 "Princely" "Moderate"

14 "Rewa" "Madhya Pradesh" "Martand Singh" 1950 1970 9500 210000 "Princely" "Moderate"

15 "Bhavnagar" "Gujarat" "Krishna Kumar Singh" 1950 1971 9700 190000 "Princely" "Low"

16 "Bastar" "Chhattisgarh" "Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo" 1950 1966 10200 180000 "Princely" "Moderate"

17 "Dholpur" "Rajasthan" "Udaybhan Singh" 1950 1960 8700 160000 "Princely" "Low"

18 "Dewas" "Madhya Pradesh" "Vikram Singh" 1950 1965 9300 175000 "Princely" "Low"

19 "Jaisalmer" "Rajasthan" "Raghunath Singh" 1950 1971 15200 320000 "Princely" "Moderate"

20 "Dhar" "Madhya Pradesh" "Hemendra Singh Rao" 1950 1968 8800 150000 "Princely" "Low"

21 "Idar" "Gujarat" "Himmat Singh" 1950 1960 9200 145000 "Princely" "Low"

22 "Palitana" "Gujarat" "Vikram Singh" 1950 1960 9100 140000 "Princely" "Low"

23 "Porbandar" "Gujarat" "Natwarsinhji" 1950 1970 8900 138000 "Princely" "Moderate"

24 "Sirohi" "Rajasthan" "Tej Singh" 1950 1965 8600 137000 "Princely" "Low"

25 "Rajkot" "Gujarat" "Dharmendrasinhji" 1950 1968 8700 136000 "Princely" "Low"

26 "Karauli" "Rajasthan" "Ganesh Pal Deo" 1950 1960 8500 132000 "Princely" "Low"

27 "Tonk" "Rajasthan" "Muhammad Ismail Ali Khan" 1950 1960 8400 130000 "Princely" "Low"

28 "Pudukkottai" "TamilNadu" "Raja Rajagopala Tondaiman" 1950 1970 9300 200000 "Princely" "Moderate"

29 "Sandur" "Karnataka" "M.Y. Ghorpade" 1950 1975 9200 195000 "Princely" "Moderate"

30 "Kolhapur" "Maharashtra" "Shahaji II" 1950 1983 10500 240000 "Princely" "Moderate"

;

run;

proc print data=kingdoms_india ;

run;

Output:

ObsKingdom_NameRegionRuler_NameTypeCultural_SignificanceKingdom_IDStart_YearEnd_YearTerritory_SizePopulation
1JaipurRajasthanMaharaja Man SinghPrincelyHigh11950197015000500000
2MysoreKarnatakaJayachamarajendraPrincelyHigh219501971200001000000
3HyderabadTelanganaNawab Mukarram JahPrincelyVery High319502023400001500000
4TravancoreKeralaChithira ThirunalPrincelyHigh41950199112000300000
5GwaliorMadhya PradeshJiwaji Rao ScindiaPrincelyModerate51950196118000450000
6CoochBeharBengalJagaddipendra NarayanPrincelyModerate6195019709000200000
7JodhpurRajasthanHanwant SinghPrincelyHigh71950196017000480000
8UdaipurRajasthanBhagwat Singh MewarPrincelyHigh81950198416000470000
9PatialaPunjabYadavindra SinghPrincelyHigh91950197115500460000
10BarodaGujaratPratap Singh GaekwadPrincelyHigh101950196816500430000
11BikanerRajasthanSadul SinghPrincelyModerate111950196114500300000
12JunagadhGujaratMahabat Khanji IIIPrincelyModerate121950196011000250000
13AlwarRajasthanTaj SinghPrincelyModerate131950196510000220000
14RewaMadhya PradeshMartand SinghPrincelyModerate14195019709500210000
15BhavnagarGujaratKrishna Kumar SinghPrincelyLow15195019719700190000
16BastarChhattisgarhPravir Chandra Bhanj DeoPrincelyModerate161950196610200180000
17DholpurRajasthanUdaybhan SinghPrincelyLow17195019608700160000
18DewasMadhya PradeshVikram SinghPrincelyLow18195019659300175000
19JaisalmerRajasthanRaghunath SinghPrincelyModerate191950197115200320000
20DharMadhya PradeshHemendra Singh RaoPrincelyLow20195019688800150000
21IdarGujaratHimmat SinghPrincelyLow21195019609200145000
22PalitanaGujaratVikram SinghPrincelyLow22195019609100140000
23PorbandarGujaratNatwarsinhjiPrincelyModerate23195019708900138000
24SirohiRajasthanTej SinghPrincelyLow24195019658600137000
25RajkotGujaratDharmendrasinhjiPrincelyLow25195019688700136000
26KarauliRajasthanGanesh Pal DeoPrincelyLow26195019608500132000
27TonkRajasthanMuhammad Ismail Ali KhanPrincelyLow27195019608400130000
28PudukkottaiTamilNaduRaja Rajagopala TondaimanPrincelyModerate28195019709300200000
29SandurKarnatakaM.Y. GhorpadePrincelyModerate29195019759200195000
30KolhapurMaharashtraShahaji IIPrincelyModerate301950198310500240000


2.PROC PRINT: Display All Kingdoms

proc print data=kingdoms_india noobs label;

    title "All Indian Kingdoms Dataset (1950–2025)";

run;

Output:

All Indian Kingdoms Dataset (1950–2025)

Kingdom_NameRegionRuler_NameTypeCultural_SignificanceKingdom_IDStart_YearEnd_YearTerritory_SizePopulation
JaipurRajasthanMaharaja Man SinghPrincelyHigh11950197015000500000
MysoreKarnatakaJayachamarajendraPrincelyHigh219501971200001000000
HyderabadTelanganaNawab Mukarram JahPrincelyVery High319502023400001500000
TravancoreKeralaChithira ThirunalPrincelyHigh41950199112000300000
GwaliorMadhya PradeshJiwaji Rao ScindiaPrincelyModerate51950196118000450000
CoochBeharBengalJagaddipendra NarayanPrincelyModerate6195019709000200000
JodhpurRajasthanHanwant SinghPrincelyHigh71950196017000480000
UdaipurRajasthanBhagwat Singh MewarPrincelyHigh81950198416000470000
PatialaPunjabYadavindra SinghPrincelyHigh91950197115500460000
BarodaGujaratPratap Singh GaekwadPrincelyHigh101950196816500430000
BikanerRajasthanSadul SinghPrincelyModerate111950196114500300000
JunagadhGujaratMahabat Khanji IIIPrincelyModerate121950196011000250000
AlwarRajasthanTaj SinghPrincelyModerate131950196510000220000
RewaMadhya PradeshMartand SinghPrincelyModerate14195019709500210000
BhavnagarGujaratKrishna Kumar SinghPrincelyLow15195019719700190000
BastarChhattisgarhPravir Chandra Bhanj DeoPrincelyModerate161950196610200180000
DholpurRajasthanUdaybhan SinghPrincelyLow17195019608700160000
DewasMadhya PradeshVikram SinghPrincelyLow18195019659300175000
JaisalmerRajasthanRaghunath SinghPrincelyModerate191950197115200320000
DharMadhya PradeshHemendra Singh RaoPrincelyLow20195019688800150000
IdarGujaratHimmat SinghPrincelyLow21195019609200145000
PalitanaGujaratVikram SinghPrincelyLow22195019609100140000
PorbandarGujaratNatwarsinhjiPrincelyModerate23195019708900138000
SirohiRajasthanTej SinghPrincelyLow24195019658600137000
RajkotGujaratDharmendrasinhjiPrincelyLow25195019688700136000
KarauliRajasthanGanesh Pal DeoPrincelyLow26195019608500132000
TonkRajasthanMuhammad Ismail Ali KhanPrincelyLow27195019608400130000
PudukkottaiTamilNaduRaja Rajagopala TondaimanPrincelyModerate28195019709300200000
SandurKarnatakaM.Y. GhorpadePrincelyModerate29195019759200195000
KolhapurMaharashtraShahaji IIPrincelyModerate301950198310500240000

3.PROC SORT: Sort by Region and Cultural Significance

proc sort data=kingdoms_india out=sorted_kingdoms;

    by Region descending Cultural_Significance;

run;


proc print data=sorted_kingdoms;

    title "Sorted Kingdoms by Region and Cultural Importance";

run;

Output:

Sorted Kingdoms by Region and Cultural Importance

ObsKingdom_NameRegionRuler_NameTypeCultural_SignificanceKingdom_IDStart_YearEnd_YearTerritory_SizePopulation
1CoochBeharBengalJagaddipendra NarayanPrincelyModerate6195019709000200000
2BastarChhattisgarhPravir Chandra Bhanj DeoPrincelyModerate161950196610200180000
3JunagadhGujaratMahabat Khanji IIIPrincelyModerate121950196011000250000
4PorbandarGujaratNatwarsinhjiPrincelyModerate23195019708900138000
5BhavnagarGujaratKrishna Kumar SinghPrincelyLow15195019719700190000
6IdarGujaratHimmat SinghPrincelyLow21195019609200145000
7PalitanaGujaratVikram SinghPrincelyLow22195019609100140000
8RajkotGujaratDharmendrasinhjiPrincelyLow25195019688700136000
9BarodaGujaratPratap Singh GaekwadPrincelyHigh101950196816500430000
10SandurKarnatakaM.Y. GhorpadePrincelyModerate29195019759200195000
11MysoreKarnatakaJayachamarajendraPrincelyHigh219501971200001000000
12TravancoreKeralaChithira ThirunalPrincelyHigh41950199112000300000
13GwaliorMadhya PradeshJiwaji Rao ScindiaPrincelyModerate51950196118000450000
14RewaMadhya PradeshMartand SinghPrincelyModerate14195019709500210000
15DewasMadhya PradeshVikram SinghPrincelyLow18195019659300175000
16DharMadhya PradeshHemendra Singh RaoPrincelyLow20195019688800150000
17KolhapurMaharashtraShahaji IIPrincelyModerate301950198310500240000
18PatialaPunjabYadavindra SinghPrincelyHigh91950197115500460000
19BikanerRajasthanSadul SinghPrincelyModerate111950196114500300000
20AlwarRajasthanTaj SinghPrincelyModerate131950196510000220000
21JaisalmerRajasthanRaghunath SinghPrincelyModerate191950197115200320000
22DholpurRajasthanUdaybhan SinghPrincelyLow17195019608700160000
23SirohiRajasthanTej SinghPrincelyLow24195019658600137000
24KarauliRajasthanGanesh Pal DeoPrincelyLow26195019608500132000
25TonkRajasthanMuhammad Ismail Ali KhanPrincelyLow27195019608400130000
26JaipurRajasthanMaharaja Man SinghPrincelyHigh11950197015000500000
27JodhpurRajasthanHanwant SinghPrincelyHigh71950196017000480000
28UdaipurRajasthanBhagwat Singh MewarPrincelyHigh81950198416000470000
29PudukkottaiTamilNaduRaja Rajagopala TondaimanPrincelyModerate28195019709300200000
30HyderabadTelanganaNawab Mukarram JahPrincelyVery High319502023400001500000

4.PROC MEANS: Summary Statistics

proc means data=kingdoms_india mean min max std;

    var Territory_Size Population;

    title "Descriptive Stats for Kingdom Size and Population";

run;

Output:

                                           Descriptive Stats for Kingdom Size and Population

The MEANS Procedure

VariableMeanMinimumMaximumStd Dev
Territory_Size
Population
12543.33
317933.33
8400.00
130000.00
40000.00
1500000.00
6220.75
288238.40

5.PROC FREQ: Frequency of Cultural Significance and Type

proc freq data=kingdoms_india;

    tables Cultural_Significance Type / nocum nopercent;

    title "Frequency Distribution of Cultural Importance and Kingdom Types";

run;

Output:

                                  Frequency Distribution of Cultural Importance and Kingdom Types

The FREQ Procedure

Cultural_SignificanceFrequency
High7
Low10
Moderate12
Very High1
TypeFrequency
Princely30

6.PROC SQL: Advanced Queries

A. Top 5 Most Populous Kingdoms

proc sql outobs=5;

    title "Top 5 Most Populous Indian Kingdoms (1950–2025)";

    select Kingdom_Name, Population

    from kingdoms_india

    order by Population desc;

quit;

Output:

                                        Top 5 Most Populous Indian Kingdoms (1950–2025)

Kingdom_NamePopulation
Hyderabad1500000
Mysore1000000
Jaipur500000
Jodhpur480000
Udaipur470000

B. Kingdoms lasting more than 30 years

proc sql;

    title "Kingdoms that Existed Over 30 Years";

    select Kingdom_Name, Ruler_Name, (End_Year - Start_Year) as Duration

    from kingdoms_india

    where calculated Duration > 30;

quit;

Output:

                                                      Kingdoms that Existed Over 30 Years

Kingdom_NameRuler_NameDuration
HyderabadNawab Mukarram Jah73
TravancoreChithira Thirunal41
UdaipurBhagwat Singh Mewar34
KolhapurShahaji II33

C. Average Territory Size by Region

proc sql;

    title "Average Territory Size by Region";

    select Region, mean(Territory_Size) as Avg_Size

    from kingdoms_india

    group by Region;

quit;

Output:

                                                          Average Territory Size by Region

RegionAvg_Size
Bengal9000
Chhattisgarh10200
Gujarat10442.86
Karnataka14600
Kerala12000
Madhya Pradesh11400
Maharashtra10500
Punjab15500
Rajasthan12190
TamilNadu9300
Telangana40000

7.MACRO: Kingdoms by Cultural Importance

%macro filter_kingdoms_by_significance(level);

    proc sql;

        title "Kingdoms with Cultural Significance: &level";

        select Kingdom_Name, Region, Ruler_Name

        from kingdoms_india

        where Cultural_Significance = "&level";

    quit;

%mend;


%filter_kingdoms_by_significance(High);

Output:

                                                   Kingdoms with Cultural Significance: High

Kingdom_NameRegionRuler_Name
JaipurRajasthanMaharaja Man Singh
MysoreKarnatakaJayachamarajendra
TravancoreKeralaChithira Thirunal
JodhpurRajasthanHanwant Singh
UdaipurRajasthanBhagwat Singh Mewar
PatialaPunjabYadavindra Singh
BarodaGujaratPratap Singh Gaekwad

%filter_kingdoms_by_significance(Moderate);

Output:

                                               Kingdoms with Cultural Significance: Moderate

Kingdom_NameRegionRuler_Name
GwaliorMadhya PradeshJiwaji Rao Scindia
CoochBeharBengalJagaddipendra Narayan
BikanerRajasthanSadul Singh
JunagadhGujaratMahabat Khanji III
AlwarRajasthanTaj Singh
RewaMadhya PradeshMartand Singh
BastarChhattisgarhPravir Chandra Bhanj Deo
JaisalmerRajasthanRaghunath Singh
PorbandarGujaratNatwarsinhji
PudukkottaiTamilNaduRaja Rajagopala Tondaiman
SandurKarnatakaM.Y. Ghorpade
KolhapurMaharashtraShahaji II

8.Calculate Duration using a Macro Variable

data kingdom_duration;

    set kingdoms_india;

    Duration = End_Year - Start_Year;

run;


proc print data=kingdom_duration;

    title "Kingdom Duration in Years";

run;

Output:

Kingdom Duration in Years

ObsKingdom_NameRegionRuler_NameTypeCultural_SignificanceKingdom_IDStart_YearEnd_YearTerritory_SizePopulationDuration
1JaipurRajasthanMaharaja Man SinghPrincelyHigh1195019701500050000020
2MysoreKarnatakaJayachamarajendraPrincelyHigh21950197120000100000021
3HyderabadTelanganaNawab Mukarram JahPrincelyVery High31950202340000150000073
4TravancoreKeralaChithira ThirunalPrincelyHigh4195019911200030000041
5GwaliorMadhya PradeshJiwaji Rao ScindiaPrincelyModerate5195019611800045000011
6CoochBeharBengalJagaddipendra NarayanPrincelyModerate619501970900020000020
7JodhpurRajasthanHanwant SinghPrincelyHigh7195019601700048000010
8UdaipurRajasthanBhagwat Singh MewarPrincelyHigh8195019841600047000034
9PatialaPunjabYadavindra SinghPrincelyHigh9195019711550046000021
10BarodaGujaratPratap Singh GaekwadPrincelyHigh10195019681650043000018
11BikanerRajasthanSadul SinghPrincelyModerate11195019611450030000011
12JunagadhGujaratMahabat Khanji IIIPrincelyModerate12195019601100025000010
13AlwarRajasthanTaj SinghPrincelyModerate13195019651000022000015
14RewaMadhya PradeshMartand SinghPrincelyModerate1419501970950021000020
15BhavnagarGujaratKrishna Kumar SinghPrincelyLow1519501971970019000021
16BastarChhattisgarhPravir Chandra Bhanj DeoPrincelyModerate16195019661020018000016
17DholpurRajasthanUdaybhan SinghPrincelyLow1719501960870016000010
18DewasMadhya PradeshVikram SinghPrincelyLow1819501965930017500015
19JaisalmerRajasthanRaghunath SinghPrincelyModerate19195019711520032000021
20DharMadhya PradeshHemendra Singh RaoPrincelyLow2019501968880015000018
21IdarGujaratHimmat SinghPrincelyLow2119501960920014500010
22PalitanaGujaratVikram SinghPrincelyLow2219501960910014000010
23PorbandarGujaratNatwarsinhjiPrincelyModerate2319501970890013800020
24SirohiRajasthanTej SinghPrincelyLow2419501965860013700015
25RajkotGujaratDharmendrasinhjiPrincelyLow2519501968870013600018
26KarauliRajasthanGanesh Pal DeoPrincelyLow2619501960850013200010
27TonkRajasthanMuhammad Ismail Ali KhanPrincelyLow2719501960840013000010
28PudukkottaiTamilNaduRaja Rajagopala TondaimanPrincelyModerate2819501970930020000020
29SandurKarnatakaM.Y. GhorpadePrincelyModerate2919501975920019500025
30KolhapurMaharashtraShahaji IIPrincelyModerate30195019831050024000033







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