328.Can SAS analytics reveal which world tourist places truly attract visitors year after year?

Can SAS analytics reveal which world tourist places truly attract visitors year after year?

options nocenter;

1) CREATE BASE DATASET WITH 12 WORLD TOURIST PLACES

data work.world_tourist_places_raw;

    length Place_Name $40 Country $25 Best_Season $15 Activities $60;

    format Booking_Date Start_Date End_Date date9. Start_Month monyy7.;

    informat Booking_Date date9.;

    infile datalines truncover;

    input Place_Name :$40. Country :$25. Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Best_Season :$15.

          Safety_Score Activities  :$60. Booking_Date :date9.;

    /* Derived travel dates */

    Start_Date = intnx('month', Booking_Date, 1, 'b');  /* 1st of next month */

    End_Date   = intnx('day', Start_Date, 6, 'same');   /* 7-day trip */

    Trip_Duration_Days = End_Date - Start_Date + 1;

    Days_Between_Book_And_Trip = intck('day', Booking_Date, Start_Date);

    Start_Month = Start_Date;

datalines;

Eiffel_Tower_Paris              France        7000000 1500 Spring-Summer 8 City_viewing|Museum_visits           01JAN2025

Grand_Canyon_National_Park      USA           4500000 1200 Spring-Autumn 9 Hiking|Photography|Camping           15FEB2025

Taj_Mahal_Agra                  India         8000000 800  Winter        7 Heritage_tour|Street_food           10NOV2024

Great_Wall_Beijing              China         9000000 1000 Spring-Autumn 7 Hiking|Cultural_exploration         20MAR2025

Santorini_Islands               Greece        2000000 1800 Summer        8 Beaches|Sunsets|Boat_trips          05APR2025

Machu_Picchu_Citadel            Peru          1500000 1600 Dry_Season    9 Trekking|Inca_ruins                 28AUG2024

Bali_Beach_Resorts              Indonesia     6000000 1100 Summer-Autumn 6 Surfing|Yoga|Nightlife               03MAY2025

Dubai_Burj_Khalifa              UAE           6500000 1900 Winter        9 Shopping|Skydeck|Desert_safari      18DEC2024

Singapore_Marina_Bay            Singapore     5000000 1700 All_Year      9 City_tours|Gardens|Night_safari     23JAN2025

New_York_Times_Square           USA          12000000 2000 Winter-NewYear 8 Shopping|Broadway|NYE_countdown    10DEC2024

Tokyo_Shibuya_Crossing          Japan         5500000 1600 Spring-Autumn 9 City_life|Anime_culture|Shopping    12MAR2025

Sydney_Opera_House              Australia     3000000 1500 Spring-Summer 8 Opera|Harbour_cruises|City_walks    01SEP2024

;

run;

proc print data=work.world_tourist_places_raw;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	Place_Name	Country	Best_Season	Activities	Booking_Date	Start_Date	End_Date	Start_Month	Annual_Visitors	Average_Expense	Safety_Score	Trip_Duration_Days	Days_Between_Book_And_Trip
1	Eiffel_Tower_Paris	France	Spring-Summer	City_viewing|Museum_visits	01JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	FEB2025	7000000	1500	8	7	31
2	Grand_Canyon_National_Park	USA	Spring-Autumn	Hiking|Photography|Camping	15FEB2025	01MAR2025	07MAR2025	MAR2025	4500000	1200	9	7	14
3	Taj_Mahal_Agra	India	Winter	Heritage_tour|Street_food	10NOV2024	01DEC2024	07DEC2024	DEC2024	8000000	800	7	7	21
4	Great_Wall_Beijing	China	Spring-Autumn	Hiking|Cultural_exploration	20MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	APR2025	9000000	1000	7	7	12
5	Santorini_Islands	Greece	Summer	Beaches|Sunsets|Boat_trips	05APR2025	01MAY2025	07MAY2025	MAY2025	2000000	1800	8	7	26
6	Machu_Picchu_Citadel	Peru	Dry_Season	Trekking|Inca_ruins	28AUG2024	01SEP2024	07SEP2024	SEP2024	1500000	1600	9	7	4
7	Bali_Beach_Resorts	Indonesia	Summer-Autumn	Surfing|Yoga|Nightlife	03MAY2025	01JUN2025	07JUN2025	JUN2025	6000000	1100	6	7	29
8	Dubai_Burj_Khalifa	UAE	Winter	Shopping|Skydeck|Desert_safari	18DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	JAN2025	6500000	1900	9	7	14
9	Singapore_Marina_Bay	Singapore	All_Year	City_tours|Gardens|Night_safari	23JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	FEB2025	5000000	1700	9	7	9
10	New_York_Times_Square	USA	Winter-NewYear	Shopping|Broadway|NYE_countdown	10DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	JAN2025	12000000	2000	8	7	22
11	Tokyo_Shibuya_Crossing	Japan	Spring-Autumn	City_life|Anime_culture|Shopping	12MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	APR2025	5500000	1600	9	7	20
12	Sydney_Opera_House	Australia	Spring-Summer	Opera|Harbour_cruises|City_walks	01SEP2024	01OCT2024	07OCT2024	OCT2024	3000000	1500	8	7	30

2) DEFINE FORMATS FOR SEASONS, SAFETY AND VISITOR SCALE 

proc format;

  value safetyfmt

    1 - 4 = 'Low'

    5 - 7 = 'Medium'

    8 - 10 = 'High';

LOG:

NOTE: Format SAFETYFMT has been output.

  value visitorscale

    0 - 1999999   = 'Low_traffic'

    2000000 - 5999999 = 'Medium_traffic'

    6000000 - 9999999 = 'High_traffic'

    10000000 - high   = 'Very_high_traffic';

LOG:

NOTE: Format VISITORSCALE has been output.

  value $seasonfmt

    'Winter'         = 'Cool_Winter'

    'Spring-Summer'  = 'Pleasant_Spring_to_Summer'

    'Spring-Autumn'  = 'Mild_Spring_to_Autumn'

    'Summer'         = 'Hot_Summer'

    'Dry_Season'     = 'Dry_Season_(Andes)'

    'Summer-Autumn'  = 'Warm_Summer_to_Autumn'

    'All_Year'       = 'All_Year_Round'

    'Winter-NewYear' = 'Winter_and_New_Year';

run;

LOG:

NOTE: Format $SEASONFMT has been output.

3) ENRICH DATASET WITH CATEGORICAL VARIABLES USING PROC SQL  

/*Also apply formats */

proc sql;

  create table work.world_tourist_enriched as

  select  Place_Name,Country,Annual_Visitors,Average_Expense,Best_Season,Safety_Score,

          Activities,Booking_Date,Start_Date,End_Date,Trip_Duration_Days,

          Days_Between_Book_And_Trip,Start_Month,put(Safety_Score, safetyfmt.) 

          as Safety_Category length=12,put(Annual_Visitors, visitorscale.) as 

          Visitor_Traffic length=18,

          put(Best_Season, $seasonfmt.) as Season_Desc length=30,

          /* Simple expense category */

          case 

            when Average_Expense < 1000 then 'Budget'

            when 1000 <= Average_Expense < 1700 then 'Mid_Range'

            else 'Luxury'

          end as Expense_Category length=10

  from work.world_tourist_places_raw

  ;

quit;

proc print data=work.world_tourist_enriched;

run;

OUTPUT:

Obs	Place_Name	Country	Annual_Visitors	Average_Expense	Best_Season	Safety_Score	Activities	Booking_Date	Start_Date	End_Date	Trip_Duration_Days	Days_Between_Book_And_Trip	Start_Month	Safety_Category	Visitor_Traffic	Season_Desc	Expense_Category
1	Eiffel_Tower_Paris	France	7000000	1500	Spring-Summer	8	City_viewing|Museum_visits	01JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	7	31	FEB2025	High	High_traffic	Pleasant_Spring_to_Summer	Mid_Range
2	Grand_Canyon_National_Park	USA	4500000	1200	Spring-Autumn	9	Hiking|Photography|Camping	15FEB2025	01MAR2025	07MAR2025	7	14	MAR2025	High	Medium_traffic	Mild_Spring_to_Autumn	Mid_Range
3	Taj_Mahal_Agra	India	8000000	800	Winter	7	Heritage_tour|Street_food	10NOV2024	01DEC2024	07DEC2024	7	21	DEC2024	Medium	High_traffic	Cool_Winter	Budget
4	Great_Wall_Beijing	China	9000000	1000	Spring-Autumn	7	Hiking|Cultural_exploration	20MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	7	12	APR2025	Medium	High_traffic	Mild_Spring_to_Autumn	Mid_Range
5	Santorini_Islands	Greece	2000000	1800	Summer	8	Beaches|Sunsets|Boat_trips	05APR2025	01MAY2025	07MAY2025	7	26	MAY2025	High	Medium_traffic	Hot_Summer	Luxury
6	Machu_Picchu_Citadel	Peru	1500000	1600	Dry_Season	9	Trekking|Inca_ruins	28AUG2024	01SEP2024	07SEP2024	7	4	SEP2024	High	Low_traffic	Dry_Season_(Andes)	Mid_Range
7	Bali_Beach_Resorts	Indonesia	6000000	1100	Summer-Autumn	6	Surfing|Yoga|Nightlife	03MAY2025	01JUN2025	07JUN2025	7	29	JUN2025	Medium	High_traffic	Warm_Summer_to_Autumn	Mid_Range
8	Dubai_Burj_Khalifa	UAE	6500000	1900	Winter	9	Shopping|Skydeck|Desert_safari	18DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	7	14	JAN2025	High	High_traffic	Cool_Winter	Luxury
9	Singapore_Marina_Bay	Singapore	5000000	1700	All_Year	9	City_tours|Gardens|Night_safari	23JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	7	9	FEB2025	High	Medium_traffic	All_Year_Round	Luxury
10	New_York_Times_Square	USA	12000000	2000	Winter-NewYear	8	Shopping|Broadway|NYE_countdown	10DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	7	22	JAN2025	High	Very_high_traffic	Winter_and_New_Year	Luxury
11	Tokyo_Shibuya_Crossing	Japan	5500000	1600	Spring-Autumn	9	City_life|Anime_culture|Shopping	12MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	7	20	APR2025	High	Medium_traffic	Mild_Spring_to_Autumn	Mid_Range
12	Sydney_Opera_House	Australia	3000000	1500	Spring-Summer	8	Opera|Harbour_cruises|City_walks	01SEP2024	01OCT2024	07OCT2024	7	30	OCT2024	High	Medium_traffic	Pleasant_Spring_to_Summer	Mid_Range

4) PROC MEANS: BASIC STATISTICS BY SEASON AND EXPENSE CATEGORY 

proc means data=work.world_tourist_enriched

           mean median min max stddev maxdec=1;

  class Best_Season Expense_Category;

  var Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days;

run;

OUTPUT:

The MEANS Procedure

Best_Season	Expense_Category	N Obs	Variable	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Std Dev
All_Year	Luxury	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	5000000.0 1700.0 7.0	5000000.0 1700.0 7.0	5000000.0 1700.0 7.0	5000000.0 1700.0 7.0	. . .
Dry_Season	Mid_Range	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	1500000.0 1600.0 7.0	1500000.0 1600.0 7.0	1500000.0 1600.0 7.0	1500000.0 1600.0 7.0	. . .
Spring-Autumn	Mid_Range	3	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	6333333.3 1266.7 7.0	5500000.0 1200.0 7.0	4500000.0 1000.0 7.0	9000000.0 1600.0 7.0	2362907.8 305.5 0.0
Spring-Summer	Mid_Range	2	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	5000000.0 1500.0 7.0	5000000.0 1500.0 7.0	3000000.0 1500.0 7.0	7000000.0 1500.0 7.0	2828427.1 0.0 0.0
Summer	Luxury	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	2000000.0 1800.0 7.0	2000000.0 1800.0 7.0	2000000.0 1800.0 7.0	2000000.0 1800.0 7.0	. . .
Summer-Autumn	Mid_Range	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	6000000.0 1100.0 7.0	6000000.0 1100.0 7.0	6000000.0 1100.0 7.0	6000000.0 1100.0 7.0	. . .
Winter	Budget	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	8000000.0 800.0 7.0	8000000.0 800.0 7.0	8000000.0 800.0 7.0	8000000.0 800.0 7.0	. . .
	Luxury	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	6500000.0 1900.0 7.0	6500000.0 1900.0 7.0	6500000.0 1900.0 7.0	6500000.0 1900.0 7.0	. . .
Winter-NewYear	Luxury	1	Annual_Visitors Average_Expense Trip_Duration_Days	12000000.0 2000.0 7.0	12000000.0 2000.0 7.0	12000000.0 2000.0 7.0	12000000.0 2000.0 7.0	. . .

5) PROC UNIVARIATE: DISTRIBUTION OF VISITORS AND EXPENSE      

proc univariate data=work.world_tourist_enriched;

  var Annual_Visitors Average_Expense;

  histogram Annual_Visitors Average_Expense;

run;

OUTPUT:

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: Annual_Visitors

Moments
N	12	Sum Weights	12
Mean	5833333.33	Sum Observations	70000000
Std Deviation	2994945.24	Variance	8.9697E12
Skewness	0.46655187	Kurtosis	0.28994019
Uncorrected SS	5.07E14	Corrected SS	9.86667E13
Coeff Variation	51.3419183	Std Error Mean	864566.219

Basic Statistical Measures
Location		Variability
Mean	5833333	Std Deviation	2994945
Median	5750000	Variance	8.9697E12
Mode	.	Range	10500000
		Interquartile Range	3750000

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test	Statistic		p Value
Student's t	t	6.747122	Pr > |t|	<.0001
Sign	M	6	Pr >= |M|	0.0005
Signed Rank	S	39	Pr >= |S|	0.0005

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Level	Quantile
100% Max	12000000
99%	12000000
95%	12000000
90%	9000000
75% Q3	7500000
50% Median	5750000
25% Q1	3750000
10%	2000000
5%	1500000
1%	1500000
0% Min	1500000

Extreme Observations
Lowest		Highest
Value	Obs	Value	Obs
1500000	6	6500000	8
2000000	5	7000000	1
3000000	12	8000000	3
4500000	2	9000000	4
5000000	9	12000000	10

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: Average_Expense

Moments
N	12	Sum Weights	12
Mean	1475	Sum Observations	17700
Std Deviation	374.469321	Variance	140227.273
Skewness	-0.4510759	Kurtosis	-0.7734376
Uncorrected SS	27650000	Corrected SS	1542500
Coeff Variation	25.3877506	Std Error Mean	108.099982

Basic Statistical Measures
Location		Variability
Mean	1475.000	Std Deviation	374.46932
Median	1550.000	Variance	140227
Mode	1500.000	Range	1200
		Interquartile Range	600.00000

Note: The mode displayed is the smallest of 2 modes with a count of 2.

Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test	Statistic		p Value
Student's t	t	13.64478	Pr > |t|	<.0001
Sign	M	6	Pr >= |M|	0.0005
Signed Rank	S	39	Pr >= |S|	0.0005

Quantiles (Definition 5)
Level	Quantile
100% Max	2000
99%	2000
95%	2000
90%	1900
75% Q3	1750
50% Median	1550
25% Q1	1150
10%	1000
5%	800
1%	800
0% Min	800

Extreme Observations
Lowest		Highest
Value	Obs	Value	Obs
800	3	1600	11
1000	4	1700	9
1100	7	1800	5
1200	2	1900	8
1500	12	2000	10

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

6) PROC SGPLOT: VISUALIZE RELATION BETWEEN EXPENSE & VISITORS  

ods graphics on;

proc sgplot data=work.world_tourist_enriched;

  title "Average Expense vs Annual Visitors by Best Season";

  scatter x=Average_Expense y=Annual_Visitors / group=Best_Season;

  xaxis label="Average Expense per Visitor (USD)";

  yaxis label="Annual Visitors";

run;

OUTPUT:

proc sgplot data=work.world_tourist_enriched;

  title "Total Annual Visitors by Country";

  vbar Country / response=Annual_Visitors stat=sum;

  yaxis label="Total Annual Visitors";

run;

ods graphics off;

OUTPUT:

7) MACRO FOR TRAVEL RECOMMENDATION CATEGORIES                 

%macro travel_reco(min_budget=, max_budget=, min_safety=, season=);

  title "Travel Recommendations: season=&season min_safety=&min_safety budget=&min_budget to &max_budget";

  data work.travel_candidates;

    set work.world_tourist_enriched;

    where Average_Expense between &min_budget and &max_budget

          and Safety_Score >= &min_safety

          and (upcase(Best_Season) = upcase("&season")

               or upcase("&season") = 'ANY');

  run;

  proc print data=work.travel_candidates noobs;

    var Place_Name Country Best_Season Safety_Score Average_Expense Activities;

  run;

%mend travel_reco;

%travel_reco(min_budget=700, max_budget=1500, min_safety=8, season=Spring-Summer);

OUTPUT:

Travel Recommendations: season=Spring-Summer min_safety=8 budget=700 to 1500

Place_Name	Country	Best_Season	Safety_Score	Average_Expense	Activities
Eiffel_Tower_Paris	France	Spring-Summer	8	1500	City_viewing|Museum_visits
Sydney_Opera_House	Australia	Spring-Summer	8	1500	Opera|Harbour_cruises|City_walks

%travel_reco(min_budget=800, max_budget=1200, min_safety=7, season=ANY);

OUTPUT:

Travel Recommendations: season=ANY min_safety=7 budget=800 to 1200

Place_Name	Country	Best_Season	Safety_Score	Average_Expense	Activities
Grand_Canyon_National_Park	USA	Spring-Autumn	9	1200	Hiking|Photography|Camping
Taj_Mahal_Agra	India	Winter	7	800	Heritage_tour|Street_food
Great_Wall_Beijing	China	Spring-Autumn	7	1000	Hiking|Cultural_exploration

8) MACRO SHOWING DATE FUNCTIONS (INTCK, INTNX, TODAY)    

%macro date_scenario_report;

  data work.date_scenarios;

    set work.world_tourist_enriched;

    /* Days from booking date to today (report generation date) */

    Days_from_Booking_to_Today = intck('day', Booking_Date, today());

    /* Number of months between booking and trip start */

    Months_Between_Booking_and_Start = intck('month', Booking_Date, Start_Date);

    /* Shift Start_Date by +6 months to simulate re-planned trip */

    Replanned_Start = intnx('month', Start_Date, 6, 'same');

    format Replanned_Start date9.;

    /* Extract year and month for reporting */

    Booking_Year  = year(Booking_Date);

    Booking_Month = month(Booking_Date);

    format Booking_Date Start_Date End_Date date9.

           Start_Month monyy7.;

  run;

  proc print data=work.date_scenarios noobs;

    var Place_Name Country Booking_Date Start_Date End_Date

        Days_from_Booking_to_Today

        Months_Between_Booking_and_Start

        Replanned_Start;

  run;

%mend date_scenario_report;

%date_scenario_report;

OUTPUT:

Place_Name	Country	Booking_Date	Start_Date	End_Date	Days_from_Booking_to_Today	Months_Between_Booking_and_Start	Replanned_Start
Eiffel_Tower_Paris	France	01JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	337	1	01AUG2025
Grand_Canyon_National_Park	USA	15FEB2025	01MAR2025	07MAR2025	292	1	01SEP2025
Taj_Mahal_Agra	India	10NOV2024	01DEC2024	07DEC2024	389	1	01JUN2025
Great_Wall_Beijing	China	20MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	259	1	01OCT2025
Santorini_Islands	Greece	05APR2025	01MAY2025	07MAY2025	243	1	01NOV2025
Machu_Picchu_Citadel	Peru	28AUG2024	01SEP2024	07SEP2024	463	1	01MAR2025
Bali_Beach_Resorts	Indonesia	03MAY2025	01JUN2025	07JUN2025	215	1	01DEC2025
Dubai_Burj_Khalifa	UAE	18DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	351	1	01JUL2025
Singapore_Marina_Bay	Singapore	23JAN2025	01FEB2025	07FEB2025	315	1	01AUG2025
New_York_Times_Square	USA	10DEC2024	01JAN2025	07JAN2025	359	1	01JUL2025
Tokyo_Shibuya_Crossing	Japan	12MAR2025	01APR2025	07APR2025	267	1	01OCT2025
Sydney_Opera_House	Australia	01SEP2024	01OCT2024	07OCT2024	459	1	01APR2025

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